Gastric Juice

Gastric Juice

Discuss the composition, function and regulation of gastric juice.
Answer:

Composition of gastric juice:

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1. Water-99.5%
2. Solids-0.5%
   1. Organic substances.
      1. Enzymes.
         • Pepsin helps to digest protein.
         • Renin-curdles milk.
         • Gastric lipase – splits fats
         • Gelatinase digests gelatine.
         • Urease converts urea to ammonia.
         • Carbonic anhydrase – present in small amount
         • Lysozyme-bacteriocidal.
      2. Mucus.
         1. Forms
            • Soluble-vehicle for HCI and enzymes.
            • Insoluble- protects gastric mucosa form HCI.
         2. Intrinsic factor.
            • Helps in absorption of Vit. B12.
      3. Inorganic substances.
         1. Hydrochloric acid.
         2. Cations – Na⁺, K⁺, Ca2⁺
         3. Anions -CI, HCO₃‾, PO₃^3‾, SO₄^2‾

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Functions of gastric juice:

1. Digestive function:
   1. Pepsin.
      • Digest protein and convert it into proteases, peptones and polypeptides.
      • It causes curdling and digestion of milk.
   2. Gastric lipase.
      • Hydrolyses fats into fatty acid and glycerols.
   3. Gelatinase-digest gelatine.
   4. Gastric amylase- degrade starch.
2. Hemopoietic function:
   • Gastric juice contains intrinsic factor of castle which is essential for absorption of Vit. B12
   • Vit B12 is one of the maturation factor or erythropoiesis.
3. Protective function:
   • Gastric juice contains mucus which.
     • Protects stomach wall from irritation.
     • Prevents digestive action of pepsin on the stomach wall.
     • Protects gastric mucosa from hydrochloric acid.
4. Functions of hydrochloric acid:
   • Activates pepsinogen into pepsin.
   • Bacterolytic action.
   • Provides acidic media for hormones.

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Regulation: of gastric juice:

• The regulation of secretion of gastric juice is broadly brought about by two mechanism.

1. Nervous mechanism:

• It includes.

1. Local myenteric reflex:

Gastric glands and juice production

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Vasovagal reflex.

“Factors influencing success with gastric juice studies: Q&A”

2. Hormonal mechanism:

• When the food enters tomach, gastrin, a GI hormone is secreted by the G cells present in pyloric glands of stomach.
• This gastrin stimulates the secretion of pepsinogen and hydrochloric acid by the gastric juice.