Dental Papilla

Question 1. Dental sac.
Answer:

It is the condensed ectomesenchyme limiting the dental papilla and encapsulating the enamel organ.
It gives rise to the supporting tissues of the tooth.
Before the formation of dental tissues begins, the dental sac shows a circular arrangement of its fibers and resembles a capsular structure.
With the development of the root, the fibers of the dental sac differentiate into the periodontal fibers that become embedded in the developing cementum and alveolar bone.

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Question 2. Histophysiological stage of tooth development.
Answer:

1. Initiation:

Specific cells within the dental laminae have the potential to form the enamel organ that initiates tooth development.
Different teeth are initiated at definite times.
Dental papilla mesenchyme can induce tooth epithelium and even non-tooth epithelium to form enamel.

2. Proliferation:

Proliferation occurs at the points of initiation and results in the bud, cap, and bell stages.
It causes regular changes in the size and proportions of the growing tooth germ.

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3. Histodifferentiation:

The developed formative cells of the tooth germ undergo definite morphologic as well as functional changes.
The cells differentiate and give up their capacity to multiply.
Inner enamel epithelium on the mesenchyme causes the differentiation of the adjacent cells of the dental papilla into odontoblasts to form dentin.
The cells of the inner enamel epithelium differentiate into ameloblast to form an enamel matrix.

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4. Morpho differentiation:

It results in the establishment of the basic form and relative size of the future tooth.
The ameloblasts, odontoblast, and cementoblast deposit enamel, dentin, and cementum, thus giving the tooth its final form and size.

5. Apposition:

It is the deposition of the matrix of the hard dental structures.
Appositional growth of enamel and dentin is a layer-like deposition of an extracellular matrix.

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