Thyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland

Give an account of gross anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage & development of thyroid gland
Answer:

Thyroid gland:

Histology:

• It is covered by a fibrous capsule
• Septa extends from capsule into gland substance & divides it into lobules
• Each lobule is made up of follicles
• Follicle has a cavity filled with colloid
• Each follicle consists of

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1. Cells:

1. Follicular cells
   • They line the follicles
   • They secrete T3 & T4 hormones
   • They vary in shape according to their activity
2. C cells or parafollicular cells
   • They are polyhedral cells with oval nuclei

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Location:

• In between follicular cells & basement membrane

2. Connective tissue stroma:

• It surrounds the follicles
• It contains capillary plexus, lymphatic capillaries & sympathetic nerves

Lymphatic Drainage:

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Development:

• The thyroid gland develops from a median endodermal thyroid diverticulum This grows down in front of the neck from the floor of the primitive pharynx
• The lower end of the diverticulum enlarges to form the gland
• The rest of the diverticulum remains narrow & forms thyroglossal duct
• Most of it soon disappears
• Remnants of it forms thyroglossal cysts or fistulas

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