Bleeding Disorders

Bleeding Disorders

Question 1. Test for bleeding disorders.
Answer:

1. Bleeding time:

• It is the time interval from oozing of blood after a cut or injury till arrest of bleeding.
• Normal duration: 3-6 min.
• Prolonged in: Purpura.

“Importance of studying bleeding disorders for medical students: Questions explained”

2. Clotting time:

• It is the time interval from oozing of blood after a cut or injury till the formation of clot.
• Normal duration: 3-8 min.
• Prolonged in: Hemophilia.

3. Prothrombin time:

• The time taken by blood to clot after adding tissue thromboplastin is called prothrombin time.
• Normal duration: 12 sec.
• Prolonged in: Deficiency of prothrombin and clotting factors I, V, VII, X

“Understanding bleeding disorders through FAQs: Types, causes, and treatments explained”

Question 2. Why blood does not clot in circulation?
Answer:

Normally, blood does not clot in the blood vessel because of the following reasons.

1. Presence of inactive form of all clotting factors.
2. Continuous movement of blood.
3. Smooth endothelial lining of the blood vessel.
4. Presence of negatively charged particles over endothelial lining which repel anions of clotting factors.
5. Presence of natural anticoagulant like heparin in blood.
6. Simultaneous activation of fibrinolytic system alongwith clotting mechanism.

“Common challenges in mastering bleeding disorder notes effectively: FAQs provided”

Question 3. Erythroblastosis fetalis.
Answer:

It is a Rh incompatibility reaction in newborn.

• When Rh negative mother carries Rh positive foetus for the first time, the mother’s plasma is sentizied and the first child is usually normal.
• But at the time of delivery Rh antigen from fetal blood leaks into mother blood and mother develops Rh antibody against it.
• In later pregnancies, this Rh antibody crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal blood.
• This Rh antibody now causes destruction of fetal RBC.
• Severe destruction of RBC causes jaundice.
• To compensate this destruction, more and more RBC are formed.
• As a result, excessive immature erythrocytes are released in circulation.
• Thus, this condition is called erythroblastis fetalis.

“Factors influencing success with bleeding disorder studies: Q&A”

Prevention:

• Mother should be immunized with anti-Rh antibodies after 1st delivery within 48 hours.

Treatment:

• The baby is treated with exchange transfusion which replaces infant’s own Rh positive blood into Rh negative blood.