Regulation Of Arterial Blood Pressure

Regulation Of Arterial Blood Pressure

“What is the regulation of arterial blood pressure? A detailed question and answers guide”

Short-term regulation of blood pressure.
Answer:

• Neural regulation of blood pressure is term as short term regulation.
• It is brought about by vasomotor centers

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in BP regulation

Vasomotor centers:

Location:

• Bilaterally in the reticular formation of medulla oblongata

Components:

• It consists of

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1. Vasoconstrictor area/pressor area

• Present in anterior part of vasomotor center

Actions:

• Send impulses to the blood vessels through sympathetic fiber’s
• Stimulation of this area causes vasoconstriction

2. Vasodilator area / depressor area

• Present in upper part of medulla

Actions:

• Suppresses the vasoconstriction area
• This causes vasodilation
• Results in decrease in arterial blood pressure

3. Sensory area

• Present in the nucleus of tractus solitarius

Actions:

• Receive impulse from the periphery via glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves
• It controls Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator area

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Mechanism of action:

• Vasomotor center is regulated by following

1. Baroreceptors mechanism

• They are receptors that give response to change in blood pressure

Action on vasomotor center:

• With increase in blood pressure, baroreceptors are stimulated
• These receptors causes
  • Inhibition of Vasoconstrictor area
  • Stimulation of vasodilator area

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2. Chemoreceptors mechanism

• Chemoreceptors give response to change in chemical constituents of blood

3. Higher centers

• The vasomotor center is controlled by the impulses from the
  cerebral cortex and hypothalamus

4. Respiratory centers

• During beginning of expiration blood pressure increases
• During later part of expiration and inspiration blood pressure decreases