Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Define systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Give their normal values. Describe the medullary control of blood pressure.
Answer:

Definitions and their normal values:

Medullary control of blood pressure:

• Medullary control of blood pressure is brought about by vasomotor center.

Vasomotor center:

Location:

• Bilaterally in the reticular formation of medulla oblongata.

Components:

• It consists of

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1. Vasoconstrictor area/pressor area:

• Present in anterior part of vasomotor center.

Actions:

• Send impulses to blood vessels through sympathetic fibers.
• Stimulation of this area causes vasoconstriction.
• This causes increases in BP.

2. Vasodilator area/depressor area:

• Present in upper part of medulla.

Actions:

• Suppresses the vasoconstriction area
• This causes vasodilatation.
• Results in decrease in BP.

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3. Sensory area:

• Present in the nucleus of tractus solitaries

Actions:

• Receives impulse from the periphery via glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves.
• It controls vasoconstrictor and vasodilator area.

Mechanism of Action:

• Vasomotor center is regulated by following.

1. Baroreceptor mechanism:

• They are receptors that give response to change in blood pressure.

Action on vasomotor center:

• With increase in blood pressure, baroreceptors are stimulated.
• These receptors causes.
  1. Inhibition of vasoconstrictor area.
  2. Stimulation of vasodilator area.

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2. Chemoreceptor mechanism:

• Chemoreceptors give response to change in chemical constituents of blood.

3. Higher centers:

• The vasomotor center is controlled by the impulses from the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.

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4. Respiratory centers:

• During beginning of expiration BP increases.
• During later part of expiration and inspiration – BP decreases.