Glycogen Synthesis

Glycogen Synthesis

Explain the glycogen synthesis in the liver and its hormonal regulation.
Answer:

“Understanding glycogen synthesis through FAQs: Pathways, functions, and uses explained”

Steps:

1. Synthesis of UDP glucose:

“Importance of studying glycogen synthesis for medical students: Questions explained”

2. Primer – importance:

• Required for initiation of glycogen synthesis.
• In the absence of glycogen primer, the hydroxyl group of amino acid tyrosine of glycogen accepts glucose from UDPG.
• The enzyme glycogen initiator synthase transfers the first molecule of glucose to glycogen.
• Next glycogenin takes up a few glucose residues to form a primer.

Enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis

3. Glycogen synthesis:

Enzyme involved:

• Glycogen synthase

Action:

• Transfers glucose from UDP – glucose to the non-reducing end of glycogen to form a – 1, 4 linkages.

“Common challenges in mastering glycogen synthesis notes effectively: FAQs provided”

4. Formation of branches in glycogen:

“Factors influencing success with glycogen synthesis studies: Q&A”

Regulation of glycogenosis:

• Glycogenesis is regulated by cAMP and by glycogen synthase.

1. Glycogen synthase enzyme.

1. It exists in two forms.
2. Glycogen synthase ‘a’ not phosphorylated, active form.
3. Glycogen synthase ‘b’ phosphorylated, inactive, form, ‘a’ form can lie converted to ‘b’ form by phosphorylation by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase enzyme.

• This inactivates glycogen synthase and results in the inhibition of glycogenes s.
• ‘b’ form is converted to active ‘a’ form by protein phosphatase I.
• Active ‘a’ from, thus, causes glycogenesis.

UDP-glucose in glycogen synthesis

“Role of glycogen synthase in synthesizing glycogen chains: Questions answered”

1. cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

“Steps to explain enzymes in glycogen synthesis: Glycogen synthase vs branching enzyme: Q&A guide”

Hormones regulating cAMP: