Production Of X Rays and Generators

Production Of X Rays and Generators

Describe the working of X-ray machine and write in detail about production of X-ray.
Answer.

Working of X-ray machine and production of X-rays

• When the X-ray machine is turned on, the electric current enter the control panel; via the plugged in cord and then to the tube head via extension wires in extension arms.
• The current is directed to the filament circuit through the step down transformer, it reduces the 110 to 220 voltage to 3 to 5 volts.
• The filament circuit uses the 3 to 5 volts to heat the tungsten filament. The hot filament emits electron, this emission of electron from the cathode is known as thermionic emission. It forms the electron cloud around the cathode.

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X-ray production

• When the exposure button is pushed the high voltage current is activated and the electron cloud is accelerated in X-ray tube from cathode to anode.
• Molybdenum cup of cathode directs the electron to the anode target in narrow beam.
• When the electron strikes the tungsten target, their kinetic energy is converted to X-ray energy. Less than 1 % of the energy is converted to X-rays, the remaining 99 % is lost as heat.
• The heat produced is carried away by copper stem and absorbed by the insulating oil in the tube head.

X-ray production

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• The area where electron strike on tungsten (anode) is known as focus spot (Tungsten focus).
• Produced X-rays only exit from the X-ray tube via unleaded glass window portion of tube.
• X-rays travel through the unleaded glass window, the tube head seal, the aluminum discs, which filter the long wave X-rays from the beam.

Components of X-ray tube

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• The size and shape of the X-ray beam is controlled by the lead collimator. X-ray beam then travels down the lead lines position indicating device and exit the tube head at the opening of position indicating device.