Mandibular Landmarks Of Radiograph

Write short note on radiographic anatomical landmarks of mandible.
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Following are the radiographic anatomical landmark of mandible

Radiopaque anatomical Landmarks in Mandible

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Radiolucent anatomical Landmarks in Mandible

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Radiopaque anatomical Landmarks in Mandible

Enamel: This is the densest structure. It is seen as the outer most radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth on the radiograph.
Dentin: It is found beneath the enamel layer and surrounds the pulp. It is less radiopaque than enamel.
Cementum: It is not usually apparent on the radiograph because the cementum layer is very thin.
Lamina dura: This is the wall oftooth socket that surrounds the teeth, it is made up of dense cortical bone. It appears as a thin dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of the tooth.
Alveolar crest: This is the most coronal portion of the alveolar bone found between the teeth. It appears as a radiopaque area located 1.5 to 2 cm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces.
Cancellous bone: This is sof spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone. It is composed of numerous bony trabeculae. On radiograph, the cancellous bone appears as predominantly radiolucent with the trabeculae appearing radiopaque in a cris-cross pattrn.

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Genial tubercles: These are tiny bumps of bone on the lingual side of the mandible in midline and serve as attachmentforthe genioglossus and the geniohyoid muscle. Radiographically appear as ring shaped radiopacities below the apices of the mandibular incisors.
Mental ridge: This is a linear prominence of cortical bony plate, located on external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible. It appear as a thick radiopaque band that extends from premolar to incisor region.
Mylohyoid ridge: This is a linear prominence of the bone located on the internal surface of the mandible, extending from molar region downwards and forwards towards the lower border of the mandibular symphysis.

dental X-ray mandibular landmarks

External oblique ridge: It appears as a radiopaque band extending downwards and forwards from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
Inferior border of the mandible: It appears as a dense radiopaque band of bone in the lower border of mandible.

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Coronoid process: It is a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible. On radiograph, it appears as triangular radiopacity superimposed over or inferior to the maxillary tuberosity region.
Internal oblique ridge: On radiograph, it appear as a radiopaque band which extend downward and forward from the ramus.

Radiolucent anatomical Landmarks in Mandible

Pulp cavity: This consists of the pulp chamber and the root canals. It contains blood vessels and nerves and appears relatively radiolucent in the radiograph.
Periodontal ligament space: It is a space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura. The PDL space contains connective tissue fiers, blood vessels and lymphatic. On radiograph, it appears as a thin radiolucent line of uniform thickness around the root of the teeth.
Nutrient canals: They are tube-like passages through the bone which consists of nerves and blood vessels which supply the teeth. On radiograph, they appear as vertical radiolucent lines. They are prominent in anterior region and in edentulous mandible.
Lingual foramen: It is a tiny opening in the bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline. It appears as a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.

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Symphysis: On radiograph, it appears as a radiolucent line through the midline of the jaw. Aftr one year of life, it does not appear radiographically.
Mental fossa: This is a scooped out depressed area of the bones located on the external surface of the anterior mandible. On radiograph, it appears as a radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
Mental foramen: It is an opening in the bone located in the external surface of the mandible, in the region of the mandibular premolar. Blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower lip exit through the mental foramen. On radiograph, it appears as a small liquid fist round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the premolar.

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Mandibular canal: It is a tube-like passage through the bone that travels the length of the mandible. It extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels. Radiographically appears as a radiolucent band, outlined by two thin radiopaque lines.
Submandibular fossa: It is a depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to mylohyoid line. It houses the submandibular salivary gland. On radiograph appear as a radiolucent area in the molar region below mylohyoid ridge.

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