Manipulation Of Amalgam

Manipulation Of Amalgam

Name posterior restorative materials. Write in detail about the classification of  Manipulation 
Answer:

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Posterior restorative materials are:

• Silver amalgam
• Cast metal restorations
• Type IX GIC and metal-modified GIC
• Composites
• Compomers
• Gold alloy
• Dental ceramics.

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Classification of Manipulation:

The steps in manipulation are as follows:

• Proportioning: By weight or by volume.
• Triturating: Manual or mechanical.
• Dispensing: Transfer into the prepared cavity.
• Condensing: Packing with condensers, pluggers, and burnishers.
• Carving: Using amalgam carvers.
• Polishing: Burs, abrasives, and polishing agents.

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The preparation and manipulation of the amalgam alloy at the time of placement is crucial in determining amalgam strength, marginal adaptation, degree of porosity, surface smoothness, and the nature of surface constituents.

Handling Dental Amalgam

Proportioning (Dispensing of Alloy):

Alloy mercury ratio by Eames technique (minimal mercury technique): In silver amalgam, the alloy mercury ratio is important. Excess mercury results in greater expansion after setting. The ideal ratio for alloy mercury is 1:l by the Eames technique and the ideal condensation pressure is about 3 to 4 lbs.

This is achieved by using a squeeze cloth and removing the excess mercury. High condensation pressure will squeeze out the excess mercury.

• The Mercury alloy ratio signifies the parts by weight of mercury and of the alloy.
• The recommended ratio is about 40% of mercury is preferred Volumetric proportioning is better than arbitrary dispensing.
• Pre-weighed capsules give accurate proportioning
• Disposable capsules with pre-weighed alloy and mercury are available. To prevent reaction a thin separator is present. This is perforated before mixing. It is expensive but is an accurate method of proportioning.

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Restorative Composites

Trituration of Dispensing of Alloy: Triturating is the mixing of silver amalgam by the agitation of the alloy particles and mercury.

Types of Dispensing of Alloy:

• Manual trituration: It is done by using a mortar and pestle.
• Mechanical trituration: Here the capsule is compared to the mortar and the pellet in the capsule is compared to the pestle.

Condensation of Dispensing of Alloy: Condensation is a process by which the mix is compacted into a prepared cavity to attain a dense mass.

Types of Condensation:

There are three types of condensation:

1. Manual condensation
2. Mechanical condensation
3. Ultrasonic condensation.

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1. Manual Condensation:

• As trituration is completed the mix material should be packed in increments.
• As material is inserted inside the cavity it is condensed immediately with sufficient pressure.
• Condensation should start from the center to the periphery.
• As the mixture gets condensed some mercury-rich material rises to the surface.
• Some of this mercury should be removed to reduce fial mercury content and improve mechanical properties.
• As these days the working time of amalgam is short, condensation should be done rapidly.
• After proper condensation surface of the restoration becomes shiny.

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2. Mechanical Condensation: Mechanical condensers provide a vibration or impact type of force to pack amalgam mix. Less effort is needed than for hand condensation.

3. Ultrasonic Condensation: They produce local heating of amalgam leading to the release of mercury. Proper isolation measures should be taken during condensation. This method is not recommended.

Carving and Burnishing:

Amalgam is overfilled in the cavity so mercury rich surface layer is trimmed away. Carving strokes should proceed from the amalgam surface to the tooth surface. A scraping or ringing sound should be heard while carving:

• Burnishing is done by a ball burnisher using a light stroke from the amalgam surface to the tooth surface.
• Final smoothening is done by rubbing the surface with a moist cotton pellet.
• It improves the marginal adaptation of amalgam.

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Polishing of Dispensing of Alloy: It minimizes corrosion and adhesion of plaque. Polishing is delayed for 24 hours after condensation. Wet polish should be used. Polishing should be done with gentle pressure.