Shock: Signs, Causes, And Types

Shock: Signs, Causes, And Types

Define and classify shock. In your practice local anesthetic is used, which type of shock it can produce.

How will you recognize and treat. What precautions should be taken to prevent.

Answer. Shock is a clinical condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and hence cellular hypoxia.

Classification of Shock

• Hypovolemic shock
• Cardiogenic shock
• Distributive shock

• Septic shock
• Anaphylactic shock
• Neurogenic shock.
• Obstructive shock.

In clinical practice local anesthetic leads to anaphylactic shock.

“Types Of Shock Explained”

Recognition of anaphylactic Shock

• Patient has asthma-like symptoms, i.e. sneezing and breathing.
• Urticaria and angioedema are present.
• Presence of bronchospasm and tachycardia
• Patient can undergo circulatory collapse.
• Due to rapid fall in blood pressure cardiac arrest may occur.

Treatment Of Anaphylactic Shock

• Summon ambulance
• Always check whether respiratory distress is due to other causes.
• Assess the degree of cardiovascular collapse by checking pulse and blood pressure.
• Assess the degree of airway obstruction
• Stop administration of drug
• Patient should be kept supine
• Assess breathing diffilty by checking for stridor, wheeze
• Administer oxygen to patient by face mask
• Give antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate 10 mg

“Understanding The Causes And Types Of Shock”

• Administer hydrocortisone 20 mg
• Monitor consciousness, airway, breathing, circulation, pulse, blood pressure
• Raise legs if blood pressure is low
• Adrenaline 1:1000, 0.5 mL IM is given immediately.
• Repeat IM adrenaline every 5 minutes while waiting for ambulance
• Administer 100% oxygen.
• CPR if cardiac arrest occurs.
• If BP fall is rapid, 1:10,000 adrenalin may be infused IV slowly.

“Causes Of Shock In The Body”

Precautions taken to Prevent the anaphylactic Shock

• Intradermal test should be done before administering local anesthetic solution.
• Proper medical history of the patient is taken, if patient gives history of allergy from local anesthetic solution, drug should not be administered.