Carotid Triangle Anatomy

Carotid Triangle

Describe the boundaries and contents of the carotid triangle.
Answer.

Carotid Triangle Boundaries

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Anterosuperiorly: Posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid.

Anteroinferiorly: Superior belly of the omohyoid.

Posteriorly: Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid.

Carotid Triangle Contents

Arteries

• Common carotid artery
• Internal carotid artery
• The external carotid artery and its first five branches (superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries)

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Veins

• Internal jugular vein
• Common facial vein
• Pharyngeal vein
• Lingual vein

Nerves

• Vagus nerve
• Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve, dividing into the external and internal laryngeal nerves
• Spinal accessory nerve running obliquely backwards and downwards over the internal jugular vein
• Hypoglossal nerve running horizontally forward over the external carotid, internal carotid and lingual (loop) arteries
• Ansa cervicalis
• Sympathetic chain

Lymph nodes Deep cervical lymph nodes

Lymph nodes Special structures

• Carotid sinus
• Carotid body

Common Carotid Artery: Anatomy

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Describe the origin, course and termination of Internal Carotid Artery. List its parts and their branches.
Answer.

Internal Carotid Artery Origin, course and termination

• It begins as one of the two terminal branches of common carotid artery at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.
• It enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal and foramen lacerum.
• In the cranial cavity, it traverses through the cavernous sinus and finally terminates at the base of brain by dividing into anterior and middle cerebral arteries.

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Internal Carotid Artery Parts and branches

• Cervical part:
  • No branch
• Petrous part:
  • Caroticotympanic branches to the middle ear
  • Pterygoid branch, which enters the pterygoid canal

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• Cavernous part:
  • Cavernous branches to the wall of cavernous sinus and trigeminal ganglion
  • Hypophyseal branches to the hypophysis cerebri
  • Meningeal branches
• Cerebral part